Racionalidad sin utilitarismo: La caza y sus conflictos en El Escorial durante el Antiguo Régimen

La perspectiva utilitarista ha ido irrumpiendo en la microeconomía histórica, Este texto se sirve del ejemplo de la actividad cinegética para poner de manifiesto que existen otras racionalidades -procedimentales y expresivas- situadas más allá del cálculo maximizador coste-beneficio, a la hora de dar cuenta de las motivaciones de los agentes económicos. Tras un estudio de la creación y evolución del cazadero regio de El Escorial, se aborda la intensa y recurrente transgresión de los derechos de propiedad como efecto de un proceso de cooperación entre campesinos-cazadores difícilmente reducible a los parámetros de la teoría de los bienes públicos. Se analiza la conflictividad en torno de los aprovechamientos de la caza en la zona en busca de un enfoque alternativo que concibe la caza como un procedimiento por medio del cual los vecinos de las aldeas se identificaban con sus comunidades al tiempo que éstas recibían un reconocimiento institucional y reproducían. por medio de los representantes locales, una imagen colectiva compartida que configuraba el patrón de los intereses individuales de los campesinos-cazadores. En suma, se concluye que las microconductas se apoyan siempre en macrofundamentos suministrados por instituciones que no pueden ser reducidas a agregaciones de acciones individuales.Utilitarian perspectives have been on the rise in economic history. This paper focuses on the activity of hunting to stress that, beyond the maximizing cost-benefit calculus, there are other kinds of rationality -mainly procedural and expressive rationality- essential for understanding what drove the economic stakeholders. After studying the creation and evolution of the El Escorial royal hunting area, the recurrent violation of property rights is addressed to show the difficulties of an explanation based on the utilitarian theory of public goods. The disputes arising from hunting needs an alternative interpretation based on the conceptualization of hunting as a procedure which enable villagers to identify with their communities, which in turn received institutional recognition from the court. The local representatives then reproduced a shared image of collective ends constituting the individual interests of peasant-hunters. To conclude, micro-behaviour is always based on some kind of macrofoundation supplied by institutions that cannot be reduced to mere aggregation of individual actions

Teaching for a Better World. Sustainability and Sustainable Development Goals in the Construction of a Change-Maker University

Sustainability, as a key concept in the education field, has submitted a relevant change during the last years. Thus, there is a growing debate about its meaning. It has undergone a crucial merging of significances from many fields: Ecology, environmental awareness, but also from politics, ethics or even spiritual approaches. All these fields have been co-involved in the building of such subject concept. In this sense, this article addresses the di erent ways of understanding sustainability as a polyhedral concept and how sustainability can be understood under the umbrella of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Furthermore, it is proposed a conceptual framework to teach this UN Program at Higher Education, contributing to the training of undergraduate and postgraduate students from both a professional and a personal point of view. This framework is applied in a case study—in particular, in a course of Primary Teacher Degree called Didactics of Matter and Energy. This article finishes with practical consideration to build a change-maker University.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain/AEI/FEDER, UE Research Project IB 16068Regional Government of Extremadura (Spain) Research Project GR1800

Including Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Transversally in Education

Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the State Research Agency grant PID2020-115214RB-I0

Conceptual Framework for the Use of Building Information Modeling in Engineering Education

The objective of this paper is to present a critical literature review of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodologyandtoanalyzewhetherBIMcanbeconsideredaVirtualLearningEnvironment.Aconceptualframeworkis proposed for using BIM in a university context. A search of documents was carried out in the Core Collection of Web of Science; it was restricted to the last five years (2013–2017). A total of 95 documents were analyzed; all documents were written in English and peer reviewed. BIM meets all the characteristics of Virtual Learning Environments. The proposed framework has three dimensions (competencies, pedagogical approach and level of integration).It allows for the planning and analysis of future experiences of teaching BIM in a university context.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain and AEI/FEDER, UE Projects EDU2016-77007-RRegional Government of Extremadura (Spain) IB 16068Regional Government of Extremadura (Spain) GR1800

ABP: ilustración de su aplicación en psicología de la instrucción

La aplicación de los nuevos enfoques metodológicos, en el ámbito del proceso educativo, deben dar respuesta a las nuevas demandas planteadas por una sociedad en continuo cambio. Para comprobar la eficacia de este tipo de innovaciones metodológicas se está llevando a cabo un proceso continuo de investigación-acción en el cual se integra el presente estudio cuyo objetivo se centra en comprobar el grado de implicación del alumnado en una experiencia de innovación tras la aplicación del “aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP)” en una de las asignaturas de Psicopedagogía, en concreto, en Psicología de la y sus fases, diferenciando los momentos iniciales de los finales. Se analizan y debaten los resultados atendiendo a la percepción del estudiantado que ha sido evaluada a través de una encuesta aplicada al final del curso y que valora el diseño, interés, adecuación de las actividades, la atención dedicada en las tutorías, la calidad del trabajo cooperativo, al grado de motivación y de satisfacción con la innovación del proyecto del MICINN (EDU2010-19250) para el trienio 2010-2013; concedido al IP J.N. García.The application of new methodological approaches, in the field of educational process, need to respond to new demands presented by a changing society. To test the efficacy of such methodological innovations is undertaking a continuous process of action research which integrates the pres- ent study whose focus is on checking the degree of involvement of students in an innovative experience after the application problem-based learning (PBL) in one of the subjects of Psychology, specifically in Instructional Psychology. Here, we describe the plan of practical applications and its phases, differentiating the initial moments of the finals. We analyze and discuss the results taking into account the perception of students being assessed through a survey at the end of the course and the design values, interest, suitability of activities, the attention given in the tutorials, the quality of work cooperative, the degree of motivation and satisfaction with methodological innovation. During the study received competitive grants MICINN project (EDU2010-19250) for the triennium 2010- 2013, awarded to PI JN García

Comparison of individual and combined effects of salinity and deficit irrigation on physiological, nutritional and ornamental aspects of tolerance in Callistemon laevis plants

The effect of water deficit, salinity and both applied simultaneously on several physiological and morphological parameters in the ornamental plant Callistemon laevis was studied to identify the tolerance mechanisms developed by this species to these sources of stress and to evaluate their adaptability to such conditions. C. laevis plants were grown in pots outdoors and subjected to four irrigation treatments lasting ten months: control (0.8dSm-1, 100% water holding capacity), water deficit (0.8dSm-1, 50% of the amount of water supplied in control), saline (4.0dSm-1, same amount of water supplied as control) and saline water deficit (4.0dSm-1, 50% of the water supplied in the control). Water and saline stress, when applied individually, led to a reduction of 12% and 39% of total biomass, respectively, while overall plant quality (leaf color and flowering) was unaffected. However, saline water deficit affected leaf color and flowering and induced an excessive decrease of growth (68%) due to leaf tissue dehydration and a high leaf Cl and Na concentration. Biomass partitioning depended not only on the amount of water applied, but also on the electrical conductivity of the water. Water stress induced active osmotic adjustment and decreased leaf tissue elasticity. Although both Na and Cl concentrations in the plant tissues increased with salinity, Cl entry through the roots was more restricted. In plants submitted to salinity individually, Na tended to remain in the roots and stems, and little reached the leaves. However, plants simultaneously submitted to water and saline stress were not able to retain this ion in the woody parts. The decrease in stomatal conductance and photosynthesis was more marked in the plants submitted to both stresses, the effect of which decreased photosynthesis, and this together with membrane damage delayed plant recovery. The results show that the combination of deficit irrigation and salinity in C. laevis is not recommended since it magnifies the adverse effects of either when applied individually. © 2015 Elsevier GmbH.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project CICYT AGL 2011-30022-C02-01-02) and Fundación Séneca-Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia (15356/PI/10).Peer Reviewe

Long-term effect of salinity on plant quality, water relations, photosynthetic parameters and ion distribution in Callistemon citrinus

The effect of saline stress on physiological and morphological parameters in Callistemon citrinus plants was studied to evaluate their adaptability to irrigation with saline water. C. citrinus plants, grown under greenhouse conditions, were subjected to two irrigation treatments lasting 56 weeks: control (0.8 dS·m-1) and saline (4 dS·m-1). The use of saline water in C. citrinus plants decreased aerial growth, increased the root/shoot ratio and improved the root system (increased root diameter and root density), but flowering and leaf colour were not affected. Salinity caused a decrease in stomatal conductance and evapotranspiration, which may prevent toxic levels being reached in the shoot. Net photosynthesis was reduced in plants subjected to salinity, although this response was evident much later than the decrease in stomatal conductance. Stem water potential was a good indicator of salt stress in C. citrinus. The relative salt tolerance of Callistemon was related to storage of higher levels of Na+ and Cl- in the roots compared with the leaves, especially in the case of Na+, which could have helped to maintain the quality of plants. The results show that saline water (around 4 dS·m-1) could be used for growing C. citrinus commercially. However, the cumulative effect of irrigating with saline water for 11 months was a decrease in photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency, meaning that the interaction of the salinity level and the time of exposure to the salt stress should be considered important in this species. © 2014 German Botanical Society and Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL 2011-30022-C02-01-02) and Fundación Séneca (15356/PI/10).Peer Reviewe

La psicología positiva en el asesoramiento psicopedagógico

A finales del siglo pasado se incorpora una nueva orientación psicológica que rompe con la psicología predominante en el siglo XX, la denominada Psicología Positiva caracterizada por su tono hedónico positivo, por su carácter complementario y por su énfasis en el positivismo. En esta línea, en este artículo se presenta una revisión teoría en torno a los constructos psicológicos fundamentales de esta ciencia del bienestar tales como la creatividad, el humor, el optimismo, las emociones positivas, la resiliencia y el mindfulness o conciencia plena, al mismo tiempo que se exponen las principales utilidades y los efectos psicopedagógicos del uso de esta nueva orientación de la psicología en el ámbito educativo. Además, para abordar los aspectos fundamentales con aplicabilidad al ámbito del Asesoramiento Psicopedagógico se han seleccionado cuatro bloques: la psicología positiva, la inteligencia y educación emocional, el bienestar psicológico y el coaching y mentoring, con el fin de articular los diferentes conocimientos actuales empíricos y conceptuales que sirvan de base y de validación científica para el desarrollo de esta orientación emergente de la Psicología. Igualmente, se espera que aporten la fundamentación teórica necesaria y sirvan de marco de referencia tanto para la intervención como para la toma de decisiones basadas científicamente en el Asesoramiento Psicopedagógico.At the end of the 20th century, a new psychological counseling, called Positive Psychology and characterized by its positive hedonic tone, its complementary character and its emphasis on positivism was incorporated. In this regard, we have made a theoretical review about the fundamental psychological constructs of Well-being Science like creativity, humor, optimism, positive emotions, resilience and mindfulness at the same time that we have discussed the main utilities and effects of using of this new orientation of psychology in education. In addition, we have analyzed the most important aspects about applicability of Psychological and Educational Consulting according to four groups: positive psychology, emotional intelligence and education, well-being psychological and coaching and mentoring, for articulating the different current empirical and conceptual knowledge. In addition, we expected that this evidences provide the necessary theoretical basis and that it serve as a framework for the intervention and for making decisions scientifically based psychological and educational counseling.Subprograma FPI-MICINN (contrato predoctoral, BES-2011-045996) concedido a J. García-Martín para el cuatrienio (2011-2015) dentro del proyecto competitivo (EDU2010-19250/EDUC) concedido al IP (J.N. García).peerReviewe

Changes in growth rate, root morphology and water use efficiency of potted Callistemon citrinus plants in response to different levels of water deficit

Callistemon is widely used as a flowering shrub in gardening and landscaping in the Mediterranean area. However, prolonged or severe water stress may alter its physiological and morphological behaviour. Callistemon citrinus plants were grown in nursery conditions and subjected to three irrigation treatments: a control (watered to container capacity) and two water deficit treatments of 50 and 25% of the amount of water supplied in the control treatment (moderate and severe deficit irrigation, respectively). After 53 weeks, the moderate deficit irrigation plants showed a lower relative growth rate but increased root/shoot ratio, improved the root system and increased water use efficiency, while flowering and leaf colour were unaffected. However, severe deficit irrigation reduced flowering and affected leaf colour. Both deficit irrigation treatments reduced stomatal conductance, suggesting an efficient and adaptive stomatal control in this species. These reductions were marked after longer periods in plants submitted to severe deficit irrigation, which decreased photosynthesis and could delay plant recovery and cause permanent damage. Differences between stem and leaf water potential values have seen to be a good indicator of instantaneous shoot transpiration. Water consumption was influenced by the active periods of growth and inflorescence formation. It is concluded that moderate deficit irrigation can be used successfully in C. citrinus plant production to reduce water consumption while maintaining good overall quality. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL 2008-05258-C02-1-2, AGL 2011-30022-C02-01) and Fundación Séneca (15356/PI/10).Peer Reviewe